Bioregional Land Node · Pacific Northwest Coastal Forests (NA15)

Cascadiathe Land of Falling Waters

A transboundary bioregion of the Pacific Northwest — defined by watersheds and rainforest, not borders — read as a single living community from northern California to south-central Alaska.

~2,500 mi of coast 4 defining rivers 5 salmon species ~350 birds & mammals Largest temperate rainforest on Earth
I · The Name & the Waters

A land named for its falling waters

Cascadia takes its name from the cascading rivers of the Cascade Range — a bioregion drawn not by national borders but by where the water flows.

The bioregional movement defines Cascadia through the watersheds of the Columbia, Fraser, Snake, and Klamath rivers and the volcanic spine of the Cascade Range, as Wikipedia summarises. The name was first applied to the geology by Bates McKee in 1972, then adopted by sociologist David McCloskey of Seattle University, who mapped it as the Land of Falling Waters.

4,392 m
Mount Rainier, highest of the Cascade volcanoes
670,000 km²
drained by the Columbia system
49th
parallel — the border drawn across it in 1846
17% / 80%
land vs. population in the city corridor

The whole region sits within One Earth's Pacific Northwest Coastal Forests bioregion (NA15), and is shaped by the Cascadia subduction zone, which builds the volcanoes and threatens great earthquakes.

II · The First Peoples

Salmon, cedar, and the sea

Cascadia is the homeland of hundreds of First Nations and Native American peoples. Along the coast live the Tlingit, Haida, Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, Coast Salish, Makah, and Chinookan peoples, and to the south the Yurok, Karuk, and Hupa — a roster the Cascadia Department of Bioregion catalogues.

For the Coast Salish, salmon and red cedar are sacred relatives, not commodities. A trade tongue, Chinook Jargon, once linked as many as 300,000 people, and wealth and status were redistributed through the potlatch ceremony.

Field note · a border drawn through a homeland
The 1846 Oregon Treaty fixed the Canada–US border along the 49th parallel, cutting straight through Indigenous territories. The Department of Bioregion affirms that any bioregional future must center Indigenous sovereignty and land back.
III · The Living Rainforest

The greatest temperate rainforest on Earth

A mild, soaking climate grows the largest Pacific temperate rainforest in the world: towering Douglas fir, western red cedar, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and, in the south, the planet's tallest trees, the coast redwood. These old-growth forests store more carbon per hectare than almost any ecosystem alive.

What ties the rainforest to the sea is the salmon. Watch the cycle that defines the bioregion:

The salmon–forest cycle

OceanEstuaryRiverForest
Ocean. Salmon spend years at sea, feeding and growing, gathering the nutrients of the whole Pacific into their bodies.
Field note · why the trees need the fish
When salmon return upriver to spawn and die, bears, eagles, and wolves carry their carcasses into the forest. Marine nitrogen from those bodies turns up in streamside trees — the ocean, quite literally, feeds the canopy. The Department of Bioregion calls Cascadia "a land defined by connectivity."
IV · The Wild

Orcas, wolves, and a white bear

Cascadia shelters an estimated 350 bird and mammal species. Five species of Pacific salmon — sockeye, pink, chum, coho, and Chinook — are the keystone of its rivers. Orcas, including the endangered Southern Residents, hunt the Salish Sea. And in the forests roam gray wolves, Roosevelt elk, northern spotted owls, banana slugs, and the rare spirit bear of the central British Columbia coast.

V · A Movement & a Map

The Doug flag and the bioregion idea

Cascadia is also a living cultural movement. The grassroots Cascadia movement flies the Doug flag — a lone Douglas fir on bands of blue sky, white snow, and green forest — and gathers around Cascadia Day, the cross-border Cascadia Cup, and the idea of bioregionalism: organising life around natural regions rather than political lines.

Most Cascadians live in the VancouverSeattlePortland corridor — about 80% of the population on 17% of the land. The work is coordinated by the Cascadia Department of Bioregion and gatherings like the Turtle Island Bioregional Congress.

VI · The Vision

One organic community

The bioregional vision is that a place can know and govern itself as a single living community — salmon runs restored to rivers freed of obsolete dams, ancient forests protected, Indigenous nations returned to stewardship, and cities modelling regenerative life.

A land defined by connectivity: of sea and forest, of human and animal, of watershed and myth. Cascadia Department of Bioregion

Over a twenty-year horizon, this node imagines Cascadia living as one organic community of sea, forest, and falling waters — guided by bioregionalism and the Cascadia movement.

VII · Stewards & Resources

The many nodes within the node

A bioregion this size is held by a web of nations, projects, and people — each a doorway to go deeper.